THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE: THE UNIQUE QUALITIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES

Rejecting the view that behavior is determined largely by automatically unfolding
biological forces, unconscious processes, or the environment, the humanistic
perspective instead suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop,
and be in control of their lives and behavior. Humanistic psychologists maintain that
each of us has the capacity to seek and reach fulfillment.
According to Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, who were central figures in the
development of the humanistic perspective, people will strive to reach their full
potential when given the opportunity. The emphasis of the humanistic perspective
is free will , the ability to freely make decisions about one’s own behavior and life.
The notion of free will stands in contrast to determinism , which sees behavior as
caused or determined by things beyond a person’s control.
The humanistic perspective assumes that people are able to make their own
choices about their behavior rather than relying on societal standards. More than any
other approach, it stresses the role of psychology in enriching people’s lives and
helping them achieve self-fulfillment. By reminding psychologists of their commitment
to the individual person in society, the humanistic perspective has been an
important influence (Dillon, 2008; Robbins, 2008).
It’s important not to let the abstract qualities of the broad approaches we have
discussed lull you into thinking that they are purely theoretical: These perspectives
underlie ongoing work of a practical nature, as we will discuss throughout this book.
To start seeing how psychology can improve everyday life, read Applying Psychology
in the 21st Century.